The Mediation Context Of Public Policy - 3274 Words

Case Title: An International Incident Context and Sources I sought out the mediation context of public policy. More specifically, I was interested in the purpose of international relations. This sort of large-scale mediation can literally affect the world as a whole, and may prove to be a key for continued survival of the human race. In researching mediation from an international context, I ran across a number of interesting articles detailing various viewpoints, advances in the field, shortcomings, and examples of successful mediation. The articles and authors I used in the creation of this mediation case are as follows: Alexander, N., Leathes, M., Monberg, T., Vanenkova, I. (2013, August 20). Engineering Peace: Achieving the promise of mediation in the world’s most difficult conflicts. Retrieved March 30, 2015, from http://kluwermediationblog.com/ 2013/08/17/engineerint-peace-achieving-the-promise-of-mediation-in-the-worlds-most-difficult-conflicts/ The current push in international mediation is â€Å"to raise awareness within the international community of the importance of mediation as a means of conflict prevention and resolution†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One of the biggest problems they face is coordinating discussions between a set of countries (often more than two) that have so many cultural and structural differences – from language and traditions, to religion, to gender roles, and any number of other factors. This daunting task also requires a new breed of mediator that areShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Ontario Human Rights Mediation827 Words   |  4 PagesRights Mediation The Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (â€Å"HRTO†) provides a mediation option for applicants and respondents. Parties maintain their right to proceed to a hearing if no resolution is obtained through mediation before a HRTO mediator. Mediation can be scheduled via the application and response forms or through facilitation by an HRTO adjudicator. Once the parties have agreed to participate in mediation, the tribunal will confirm via notice of mediation. At the HRTO, mediation is moreRead MoreMediation in Community Policing Strategy1699 Words   |  7 Pagesthe associative social processes that can be used as an attempt resolve the conflict. The first mediation concept is well known in the business world. In Indonesia, the concept of public deliberation and consensus are used in any issue. Massive effort to solve the conflict that done by the governments, in this regard is police as security guards and order, are taking the middle way through mediation. This is because too many people who become perpetrators and the police will have difficulty applyingRead MoreThe Tumultuous Past of South Sudan1773 Words   |  7 Pages– and major destruction of property and displacement of peoples. It seceded from Sudan on 30th January 2011. The new state was plagued by farther rebellions, tribal clashes and border conflict with the Sudan – this conflict was resolved through mediation supported by the African union. The current conflict broke out on 15th December, 2013. The purpose of this brief is to analyze the ongoing conflict in South Sudan and the position of Ethiopia in this conflict. We begin by examining the possibleRead MoreMy Experience At The Pepperdine s Edol Program932 Words   |  4 Pagesto adapt to having my every word and action displayed on public TV as well as become very thick-skinned in response to personal attacks being hurled at me by impassioned citizens who felt their way of life was being threatened. I very clearly remember my first thoughts looking out into the gallery and they were â€Å"How do I do this well? What is fair?† What I have since discovered as a commissioner is that when conflict arises in this context, it is usually because there is a perceived impasse betweenRead MoreThe Importance of Diversity Management1829 Words   |  7 Pagesbe an equal opportunity provider that makes every effort to handle diversity in an appropriate and timely fashion, then there is a chance this would resonate with the public and translate into higher sales. The opposite of it is also equally true. Companies with bad reputation for diversity management face backlash from the public in terms of lower sales. In a very interesting discussion on the subject of Diversity Management, Dr. Thomas Roosevelt said that diversity should not be consideredRead MoreNew Caoleia Case Study997 Words   |  4 Pagesinferential meanings and perlocutionary acts on political action in terms of social change and decolonisation. The arguments put forward by the interactants were further evaluated in terms of their reasonableness and validity. It must be said that French policy with regard to its overseas dependencies has changed considerably. Since New Caledonia was officially claimed for France by counter admiral Febvrier Despointes in 1853, it evolved from strongly assimilationalist, inspired by the French RevolutionRead MoreHrm And The And Human Resource Management1094 Words   |  5 Pagesconcepts. HRM is a strategic approach to managing employment relations which emphasizes that leveraging people’s capabilities is critical to achieving competitive advantage, this being achieved through a distinctive set of integrated employment policies, programmes and practices.† Bratton and Gold (2007: 7) Human resources management is an independent term for employee – employer relationship. It deals with recruitment, selection, training and employment relations among employers and employeesRead MoreMeeting The Challenge Of Change797 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 1: Meeting the Challenge of Change Pages 1 through 25 Introduction ââ€"  Historically, cities and counties were responsible for basic services such as public safety, libraries, public utilities, public works, and cemeteries. ââ€"  As the population has grown and become more urbanized, local services have expanded to include such things as animal control, job training, and community and economic development. ââ€"  New layers of government became â€Å"superimposed† on existing government leading to 5 problems:Read MoreWhy Should A Health Information Professional Possess A Fundamental Understanding Of The Law?1432 Words   |  6 PagesExplain the concepts of stare decisis and res judicata. Stare decisis â€Å"to let the decision stand† operates in a pyramid-type fashion and is the doctrine that judicial decisions stand as precedent for cases arising in the future. It is a fundamental policy of our law that, except in unusual circumstances, a court’s determination on a point of law will be followed by courts of the same or lower rank in later cases presenting the same legal issue, even though different parties are involved and any yearsRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Human Behavior1110 Words   |  5 Pagesrelational bullying, involves hurting someone’s reputation or relationships. Social bullying includes: leaving someone out on purpose, telling other children not to be friends with someone, spreading rumors about someone, and embarrassing someone in public† (â€Å"Bullying Definition†). Lastly, there is also a type of bullying called cyberbullying. This type of bullying is conducted on the internet or through texting, and can inv olve the same behaviors as verbal and relational bullying. For example, consider

Teaching English For Young Learners Essay - 2081 Words

Teaching English to young learners has become an issue in Indonesia over the last 20 years, since the Ministry of Education in 1994 announced that English had to be taught at primary school from grade four as a local content subject. ‘Local content subject’ refers to a compulsory subject that is not considered a core subject (The Ministry of Education and Culture, 2006). In 2013, a new national curriculum (The Ministry of Education and Culture, 2013) was launched. In this new curriculum students at elementary school are not required to learn English as a local content subject but may learn it as an extracurricular activity (The Ministry of Education and Culture, 2013). This means that English is not compulsory for every student at primary school and students can choose to learn it or not. Moreover schools can choose whether they will teach English. Some research revealed that teaching English at primary level of education is not effective yet (Supriyanti, 2012). Further more, the government has excluded English from the primary school curriculum to reduce the number of subjects that students have to learn. Meanwhile, some educators, practitioners, teachers and parents want the government to keep English as a compulsory subject in the primary school curriculum because they believe it is useful for students to learn English as early as possible. There are many factors that make teaching English to be more effective at primary level. One of them is teachers’ teaching methods.Show MoreRelatedTeaching English For Young Learner815 Words   |  4 PagesAfter going through the program of Teaching English to Young Learner (TEYL) course for one semester, I could realize that I have been acquiring positive inputs for my self-development. Those inputs are mostly obtained from the way the lecturer set up the learning activities and from the learning materials including journal articles and any reading materials, uncovering the concept and the issues on the practice of TEYL in Indonesia. Given those inputs during the course period, the improvement takesRead MoreTeaching Vocabulary to Young English Learners3602 Words   |  15 PagesTeaching English vocabulary to young learners A crucial component of learning a foreign language is the acquisition of vocabulary. For young learners, the very first words that they acquire could lay the profound basis for a better later learning of the children. This study is intended to investigate the specific application of techniques in teaching English vocabulary to young learners. I strived to investigate the current techniques in teaching vocabulary to young learners and studiedRead MoreTefl Teaching English to Young Learners2584 Words   |  11 PagesTeaching English to Young Learners with GO TEFL Result: 81% Assignment Answer the following questions based on your course readings for this module. (100 marks) Part 1: This section covers multiple choice type questions. Choose the correct answer from the possible answers provided. 1. What is one of the main differences between children and adult EFL students? (1) 1. Children are more likely to be forced to attend the classes.   2. Games are effective for children but not effective forRead MoreTeaching English Vocabulary Through Pictures for Young Learners1546 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching English Vocabulary through Pictures for Young Learners INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background All languages consist of words. Languages emerge first as words, both historically, and in terms of the way each of us learned our first and any subsequent languages. Vocabulary plays an important role because it appears in every language skills. Mastering vocabulary is very important for the students who learn English as a foreign language. It is because vocabulary is a key to young learners understandingRead MoreThe Language Of Science And Technology1333 Words   |  6 PagesThe English language has become the most widespread in the world .It is the language of science and technology . Children often learn better than adult, especially with languages, and this enables them to be able to speak like a native speaker. There is nothing that can explain why young learners have priority in learning languages. This notion makes governments and parents want to contribute to teaching English for young learners. Learning English for young learners has become a phenomenon. As aRead MoreTeach ing Young Learners758 Words   |  4 Pages English language has been rated as one of the most important international languages nowadays. It has been found at primary levels around the world. Teaching English as a foreign language is not an easy task and need a lot of hard work, especially for young learners. However, starting earlier is not the solution for producing better English speakers. EFL teachers of young learners have to follow some strategies and techniques to understand and teach young learners better. YL Students who aged 5-12Read MoreQuestions On Reading And Speaking Skills1601 Words   |  7 PagesThus, it is suggested that the findings would more useful if the authors include the student’s achievement in writing skill. 1.4. Assessment According to Little-Simpson (2004, cited in Calabrese Dawes, 2008, p. 12), language competences of a learner are evaluated through three dimensions: â€Å"vocabulary control, grammatical accuracy and phonological control which can be applied across the three macro-skills of understanding (in listening and reading), speaking (in spoken interaction and production)Read MoreThe Effects Of Listening Strategy Instruction On Learners Autonomy Of The Iranian Efl Learners1049 Words   |  5 PagesIn the process of teaching English, listening strategy instruction as one of the language learning strategy is the missing piece of the puzzle of most language teaching classrooms. This is more obvious when most learners criticize about their ability in listen appropriately. In fact, language learners do not know the nature of listening, how to improve their listening, and how to overcome the listening comprehension problems occurring while listening. Because of insufficient researches in the fie ldRead MoreElls Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagespopulation, especially with English-language learners in the education system. English-language learners are students who are unable to communicate fluently or learn effectively in English. These students come from a non-English speaking home or background and require specialized instruction in the English language and their academic courses. Educators use a number of terms when referring to English-language learners, limited English proficient (LEP) students, non-native English speakers, language-minorityRead MoreA Pragmatic Philosophy Of Second Language Acquisition1256 Words   |  6 Pages At the center of contemporary second language acquisition is the learning and teaching of English. Due to the legacy of the British Empire and the rise of the United States as the world’s last remaining superpower, English has become the main international mode of communication in science, technology, business, diplomacy and popular entert ainment. While educators and students worldwide may agree that learning English is paramount, many students and teachers struggle with a pragmatic means to achieve

Influence of Psychological Capital on Organization-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Psychological Capital and its influence on positive organizational outcome. Answer: Introduction Psychological capital and positive organizational behavior plays a significant role in recent time and its root can be traced back to psychology. The concept of psychological capital can be regarded as an important subset of human capital and it helps in addressing the human issues in the organizations. It can also be defined as a psychological state of development that comprises of four basic dimensions such as hope, confidence, resiliency and optimism. Moreover, positive psychology is concerned with the increasing awareness on the importance of psychological strength and different capacities of human functioning. The present day business establishments are searching the prospective employees who are willing to work beyond their defined roles. Psychological belongingness helps in the cultivation of citizenship behavior which will lead to preference for the organizational interest over individual interest. The sustenance and support of an organization depends on the various forms of capital such as economic, human and economic. Organizational Citizenship Behavior is regarded as an important phenomenon in the informal organization. This also lays importance on individual development and organizational performance (Story et al. 2013). Discussion According to Abbas and Raja(2015), in order to gain competitive advantage in the global environment, the firms must try to be innovative. It has been found that in the recent years, organizational behavioral research is trying to cope with the weaknesses and thus it has enabled to enhance the strength as well as well-being in the workplace. Research indicates that the factors of psychological capital such as efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience are regarded as positive psychological resources and it helps in the development of solid reservoir. The individuals with greater pool of different resources are most probable to experience stress in the organization. There exists positive psychological resources for the provision of support and shared mechanism to each other in the organization. Moreover, the self-efficacy beliefs helps the individuals to persist in according to the different obstacles and to cope up with distress and emotional state that affects the implementation of diff erent types of activities. `Wang et al. (2014) has highlighted that positive organizational behavior and psychological capital are the latest developments and they vary accordingly in different organizations. The organizations must cultivate positive organizational culture and it will help in the development organizational bottom line. Psychological capital is associated with many organizational and personnel outcome and it is important for the organizations to invest in these capital to reap the benefits. According to Roche et al. (2014), a positive psychological resource plays a vital role in leadership and in the construct of mindfulness in the organizations. The leaders had to face challenging situations and this result in negative affect among the leaders such as anxiousness and depression. The negative reaction affects the positively oriented psychological antecedents and this it may result in certain problem in the organization. The positive psychological resources have also received attention in leadership research. It is necessary to understand the role of mindfulness of the leaders in order to understand the leadership positions and roles. The leaders who work in stressful situation must possess greater mindfulness and it will enable them to view the situation for what they are. Moreover, it will also help the leaders to get an idea of the current situation and perception. This is not possible without categorization and reflexive judgement of the environment. Dello Russo and Stoykova (2015) has highlighted that the magnitude of self-efficacy must be considered negligible when the sample size is too large. Moreover, positive organizational behavior can be defined as the application and critical analysis of the positively oriented strength of human resources that can be developed, effectively measured and managed for the improvement of performance of the individuals. Self-efficacy can be referred to individuals conviction on his/her abilities for the development of the cognitive resources which are required for the execution of specific task of the individuals. Moreover, self-efficacy affects the aspirations and attainment of goals of the individual. It is also related to desirable outcomes and thus it helps in improving the effectiveness of the individuals. According to Avey et al.(2008), The impact of employees performance lays a positive outcome on organizational behavior. It has been found that psychological capital is related to positive emotions of the employees. Moreover, this emotions are affected by the attitude and behavior of the people. Leadership and vision of the employees plays an important role in organizational change, however it has been found that only few employees recognize the importance of these change and thus contribute for the development of the organization. The employees who wants to bring or implement change in the organization also needs to follow certain pathways for a positive outlook. Positive psychological scholarship in the emerging institutions contributes for the development of positive organizational behavior. Example can be cited of downsizing which is regarded as a positive change for increasing the organizational efficiency. However, it can be stated that this downsizing often leads to disastrous effect t on the organization and thus affects the employees. The most important and positive aspect of organizational change can be referred to the response of the employees in terms of their behavior and attitude. Research indicates that a ratio of 3:1 positive emotions to negative emotions can lead to high level of functioning, flourishing and functioning. Moreover, positive emotions also motivates the employees to cope up with organization range by following the widening options and maintaining an open approach to different types of problem solving. Moreover, it is also important to for the employees to adjust to positive behavior in the organization and thus work accordingly. According to Simons and Buitendach (2013), psychological capital has given more focus on the positive strength and nature of the employees for enhancing the growth and performance of the employees. These psychological dimensions are associated with the attitudes and performance of the workers in the workplace such as job satisfaction, hap piness and citizenship. It can be said that hopefulness is more closely related with the positive constructs of psychology and it can be regarded as more flexible, realistic and dynamic construct that can be developed and learned accordingly. Choi and Lee (2014) has predicted that psychological capital is positively associated with the control of big five traits. Moreover, employees turnover also incurs substantial cost to the organization, both in terms of hidden cost and expenditure. The theory of planned behavior suggests that behavioral intention can be regarded as an immediate and strong determinant of actual behavior. It can also be used to judge the intention of the employees to understand his future prospects. Employees turnover is not only associated with the situational factors related to job, but it is also related to dispositional traits which lays a unique effect on the psychological capital. The openness of big five traits is positively associated with turnover retention because the individuals with high openness to experience will value the new experiences and try to explore the new opportunities. Paek et al. (2015) proposed that good performance of the employees is desirable and important in all industries , but more importance is given in the industries dominated by labours where employees are regarded as vital part and thus helps in the major service experience. It has been found that the engaged employees must be highly motivated for the success of the service enterprises and organizations. The support of the management, perceived quality and profitability plays a critical role in analyzing the performance of the employees. The job demand resources model proposed that different job aspects such as psychological resources can help in the improvement of employee engagement and it affects the job related outcomes. The role of work engagement is a major determinant that is associated with the job related outcomes. Psychological capital which consists of four important resources such as optimism, self-efficacy, resilience and hope represents the common source of variance. The author has also highlighted that psychological capital can be regarded as a resource which helps in the generati on of increased awareness and the sensitivity of the employees as well as the job related outcomes of the individual. Conclusion Therefore, it can be said that psychological capital lays a strong impact on work engagement and employee morale. Work engagement acts a critical mediator and thus it lays an impact on employee turnover. The consequence of psychological and emotional capital on employees morale variable is much stronger than work engagement. It also plays a vital role in boosting the employees morale. The psychological resource capacities lays an optimistic effect on the associated work outcomes such as organizational commitment and work appointment. The lack of published studies on the psychological capabilities and strengths of the employees engaged in different BPO companies varies accordingly. The employees will have more attachment on the organization and they will have less tendency to leave the organization. Therefore, it can be concluded that work engagement can be related as a predictor to organizational commitment that needs to be explored. Thus, psychological capital when regarded as a per sonal resource must be developed in the organization References Abbas, M. and Raja, U., 2015. Impact of psychological capital on innovative performance and job stress.Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration,32(2), pp.128-138. Avey, J.B., Wernsing, T.S. and Luthans, F., 2008. Can positive employees help positive organizational change? Impact of psychological capital and emotions on relevant attitudes and behaviors.The journal of applied behavioral science,44(1), pp.48-70. Choi, Y. and Lee, D., 2014. Psychological capital, big five traits, and employee outcomes.Journal of Managerial Psychology,29(2), pp.122-140. Dello Russo, S. and Stoykova, P., 2015. Psychological capital intervention (PCI): A replication and extension.Human Resource Development Quarterly,26(3), pp.329-347. Paek, S., Schuckert, M., Kim, T.T. and Lee, G., 2015. Why is hospitality employees psychological capital important? The effects of psychological capital on work engagement and employee morale.International journal of hospitality management,50, pp.9-26. Roche, M., Haar, J.M. and Luthans, F., 2014. The role of mindfulness and psychological capital on the well-being of leaders.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,19(4), p.476. Simons, J.C. and Buitendach, J.H., 2013. Psychological capital, work engagement and organisational commitment amongst call centre employees in South Africa.SA Journal of Industrial Psychology,39(2), pp.1-12. Story, J.S., Youssef, C.M., Luthans, F., Barbuto, J.E. and Bovaird, J., 2013. Contagion effect of global leaders' positive psychological capital on followers: does distance and quality of relationship matter?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(13), pp.2534-2553. Wang, H., Sui, Y., Luthans, F., Wang, D. and Wu, Y., 2014. Impact of authentic leadership on performance: Role of followers' positive psychological capital and relational processes.Journal of Organizational Behavior,35(1), pp.5-21.